1. Kutsika tsvina

1) Chikonzero:

Hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvakashata;

Kuisirwa zvisirizvo, kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kweiyo kufa;

Anoshanda haana kudyisa mitsetse nenzira inoteedzana nekumira kana kuvimbisa kuti iwo mabhureki akadyiswa mune imwe mukaha;

Nekuda kwekushandisa-kwenguva refu kweiyo kufa, iyo gapfu inoshanduka kana izvo zvinoshanda zvikamu uye zvinotungamira zvikamu zvinopera;

Nekuda kwenguva yakareba yekukanganisa uye kudedera kweiyo kubaya chakuvhuvhu,izvo zvinonamatira zvakasununguka, uye nzvimbo dzekumisikidza dzekurova kufa dzinoshandurwa;

Kuregeredza kweanoshanda uye kutadza kutevedzera mashandiro.

2) Kukakavara:

Iyo mbishi michina inofanirwa kusangana neyakagadzwa hunyanzvi mamiriro (nyatso tarisa iwo maratidziro uye mamakisi ezvigadzirwa, uye kuitisa marabhoritari ongororo pazvinhu zvebasa zvine kukwirira kwepamusorosoro uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumidza.);

Zvese zvinongedzo zvakatemerwa mumabatiro ehurongwa zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa zvizere;

Michina yekudhindira uye inofa nemimwe michina yekushandisa inoshandiswa inofanirwa kuvimbiswa kushanda pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekushanda;

Yakasimba yekuongorora sisitimu inosimbiswa panguva yekugadzira maitiro. Iwo ekutanga ekutsika zvikamu anofanirwa kuongororwa zvizere, uye kugadzirwa kunogona kungoiswa mukugadzirwa mushure mekupasa kuongorora. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuongorora kunofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kutarisana netsaona munguva;

Namatira kune yakasarudzika gadziriro sisitimu, senge kuchinjiswa kweanoshanda uye zvisaririra, inofanirwa kushandisa nzvimbo dzekushandira dzakakodzera, zvikasadaro pamusoro peiyo workpiece inopwanywa uye kukwenya uye nepamusoro pehunhu hweiyo workpiece inozokanganiswa;

Panguva yekutsika tsika, zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mhango yeforoma yakachena, uye zvakarongedzwa zvakagadziriswa zvebasa izvo zvinofanirwa kuve zvakarongeka munzvimbo yebasa zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvakanaka.

2. Burr yezvikamu zvekuvhara

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo isina kuvhara gwanza rakanyanya kukura, diki kwazvo kana kusaenzana;

Iyo yekucheka pamucheto kwechikamu chinoshanda chefa chinova chakajeka;

Iyo yepakati mutsara wepunch uye iyo kufa inoshanduka nekuda kwekureba-kwenguva kudengenyeka uye kukanganisa, uye mbezo hadziwirirane, zvichikonzera kune imwechete-mativi burrs.

2) Kukakavara:

Ita shuwa iko kurongeka kwekugadzirisa uye gungano mhando yehurume nevakadzi kuumbwa, simbisa kutwasuka kwemurume muforoma uye utakure padivi kumanikidza, uye iyo yese kufa inofanirwa kuve neyakaomarara yakakwana;

Paunenge uchiisa chibhakera, zvinodikanwa kuti uone musiyano wakakodzera pakati pechibhakera neforoma yakagadziriswa uye woita chibhakera uye chakuvhe chesimbi chakasungirirwa pahwendefa rekugadzirisa, uye magumo ekumeso epamusoro uye ezasi maforoma uye basa pamusoro pechisviniro chinofanirwa kunge chakafanana kune chimwe.

Iko kuomarara kwemuchina kunodikanwa kuve kwakanaka, iyo yakasununguka deformation idiki, iko kurongeka kwetiraki uye kuenzana kweplate yekutsigira uye inotsvedza inodiwa kuve yakakwirira;

Inoda kuti mutepanhau ave nesimba rakaringana rekurova;

Kureba kweburiro inobvumidzwa pachikamu chakatemwa chechidimbu chisina kuvhara

Kubaya sheet sheet ukobvu> 0.3> 0.3-0.5> 0.5-1.0> 1.0-1.5> 1.5-2.0

Burr kukwirira kwechitsva bvunzo muforoma≤0.015≤0.02≤0.03≤0.04≤0.05

Kukwirira kweglitch kunotenderwa panguva yekugadzirwa≤0.05≤0.08≤0.10≤0.13≤0.15

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3. Warping deformation yekuvhara zvikamu

1) Chikonzero:

Kune masimba ekubvisa uye ekumanikidza masimba asingaburitse nguva pamutsetse mumwe chete. .

2) Kukakavara:

Iko kusavhara gap kunofanira kusarudzwa zvine musoro;

Muchimiro cheforoma, ndiro yekumanikidza (kana ndiro yekutsigira) inofanira kunge ichisangana nepamusoro penzvimbo yekumanikidza uye iine kumwe kumanikidza;

Wongorora yekucheka pamucheto wefa, kana paine musana taper, iyo yekucheka pamucheto yeiyofa inofanira kutemwa zvakanaka;

Kana chimiro chechikamu chekuvhara chisina kuoma uye simba rekucheka harina yunifomu kana gomba remukati rakakura, simba rekutsikirira rinowedzerwa, uye tambo yacho yakadzvanywa isati yabvaruka kana muchina wepamusoro-chaiwo unoshandiswa kuvhara;

Ndiro yacho inofanira kusimbiswa isati yarova. Kana iyo yekumonyorora deformation ichiri isingakwanise kubviswa, iyo yekushandira mushure mekurova inogona kuenzaniswa zvakare kuburikidza nekumisikidza kufa;

Gara wabvisa zvinhu zvakabiwa muforoma mhango, zora pamusoro pejira rakatetepa, uye uve nemaburi emafuta negasi mukatichakuvhuvhu mamiriro.

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4. Pakurova, iko kurongeka kwemupendero wekunze uye gomba remukati rechikamu chakabayiwa chinodzikira uye saizi inoshanduka

1) Chikonzero:

Kuwana mapini, mapini ekumira, nezvimwe zvachinja kana kupfeka zvakanyanya;

Kuregeredza kweanoshanda uye kushaya hanya mukudyisa zvinhu shandura kuruboshwe uye kurudyi neshure;

Iko kwehunyanzvi kurongeka kweye strip kwakaderera. Yakatetepa uye yakafararira kuti ifudze zvinhu, zvichiita kuti zviome kuendesa kunzvimbo yakatarwa. Iyo tambo inoshanduka ichidzokera nekudzoka mundiro yekutungamira, uye yakarohwa workpiece yemukati gomba ichave nekutsauka kukuru kubva kumberi nekumberi nzvimbo yechimiro.

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5. Kana chikamu chakakotama, saizi uye chimiro hazvina kukodzera

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo rebound yezvinhu inokonzeresa kuti chigadzirwa chive chisina kukodzera;

Iyo locator yakasakara uye yakaremara, izvo zvinoita kuti iyo nzvimbo yekumisikidza isakarurama uye inofanirwa kutsiviwa neinotsvaga nyowani;

Mune isina-kutungamira kukotama kufa, kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchikonzerawo chimiro uye saizi yechikamu chakakotama kuti chisakwaniswe;

Icho chinodzvanya chishandiso cheforoma chinotadza kana kusashanda zvachose. Iwo anodzvanyirira anofanirwa kuchinjwazve kana iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza inofanira kutsiviwa kuti iite ishande nemazvo.

2) Matanho ekudzora rebound:

Sarudza yekupwanya zvinhu ine yakakura elastic modulus uye diki goho poindi uye yakagadzikana mekutengesa zvivakwa;

Wedzera maitiro ekururamisa, uye shandisa kururamisa kukombama pane kukombama kwemahara;

Izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa kukwidziridzwa usati wakombama, kuitira kuti iyo inotonhora-basa rakaomarara zvinhu zvisati zvanyoroveswa uye zvadaro yakanamatira muchimiro;

Kana chimiro chechimiro chikaitika panguva yekutsika tsika uye zvakaoma kuzvibvisa; mafungiro echibhakera nefa rinofanira kutsiviwa kana kudimburwa, uye mukaha uripakati pechibhakera nefa unofanirwa kunge wakaenzana nehuremu hwesimba rezvinhu;

Wedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati peiyo concave muforoma uye iyo yekushandira, uye udzikise nzvimbo yekubatana pakati peiyo convex muforoma uye yekushandira;

Tora nzira "dzekuwedzeredza" kudzikisira kukonzeresa kwekudzokerera

6. Kutsemuka kunoitika muchikamu chakakombama chechikamu chakakotama

1) Kukakavara:

Bvisa mabhureki kunze kwenzvimbo yekukotama, izvo zvinokonzeresa kushushikana munzvimbo uye kudzikisira huwandu hwekukombama deformation; bvisa mabhureki munzvimbo ino;

Rutivi nemabhureti anoiswa padivi remukati renzvimbo yekukotama;

Paunenge uchikotama workpiece, zvakanakisa kugadzira iyo yekukotamisa mafambiro uye iyo fiber fosi yezvinhu (kutenderera nzira) yakatarisa;

Iyo yakakombama radius haifanire kunge iri diki kwazvo, uye iyo fillet radius inofanirwa kuwedzerwa kusvika pazvinogona kwazvo kana mhando ichibvumidza;

Pamusoro peiyo isina chinhu yakakombama inofanirwa kuve yakatsetseka, isina kubuda pachena uye mavanga;

Iyo yepakati annealing maitiro inogamuchirwa panguva yekukotama kuti ibvise kusagadzikana kwemukati, uye iyo yakapfava kukotama kashoma kuburitsa kutsemuka;

Kana uchikotama, zvikamu zvakakomba zvakakombama zvinofanirwa kuvezwa nemafuta ekudzora kukweshera panguva yekukotama.

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7. Iko kutsauka kwechikamu chakakombama panguva yekukotama

1) Chikonzero:

Kana iwo asina chinhu masiraidhi ari pamusoro peiyo kufa panguva yekukotama maitiro, ichasangana nekukwikwidza kuramba. Kana kusagadzikana kwekumanikidza pamativi ese ehembe kwakakura, iyo isina chinhu inozotamira kudivi pamwe nekukonana kukuru kwekukonana.

2) Kukakavara:

Iyo yakakombama zvikamu zvine asymmetrical maumbirwo zvinoumbwa neyakaenzana kukotama (imwechete-mativi akakombama mativi akachekwa zvakaenzana mushure mezvikamu zviviri zvakakotama).

Kuwedzera yakasundira yekutsikirira mudziyo kune iyo yakakotama kufa kuitira kuti iyo isina chinhu inogona kumanikidzwa kudzivirira kufamba panguva yekukotama;

Shandisa iro remukati gomba uye fomu yekumisikidza fomu kuti kumisikidza kuve kwakarurama.

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8. Kumusoro kukwenya pazvikamu zvakakombama

1) Zvikonzero uye zvinopesana.

Kana uchiita kuenderera uchikotamisa mashandiro pazvinhu zvakapfava senge mhangura nealuminium alloys, simbi inokwenenzverwa kana chikorobho zviri nyore kutevedzera pamusoro pechikamu chinoshanda, zvichikonzera kukwenya kukuru pachikamu. Panguva ino, chimiro uye mafuta ekuzora echikamu chinoshanda chinofanira kunyatso kuongororwa uye kudzidza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanakisa kusava nezvidimbu uye marara pane chisina chinhu, uye kunyange kukwenya;

Kana iko kukotama kutungamira kuri kwakafanana nekutenderera kwekutenderera kwechinhu, kutsemuka kuchaitika pamusoro peiyo workpiece, iyo inoderedza hunhu hwepamusoro hweiyo workpiece. Kana uchikotama panzvimbo mbiri kana dzinopfuura, ita shuwa kuti iyo yekukotamisa nzira ine imwe kona nekwatenderedzwa kwese kwese sezvinobvira;

Kana iyo burr pamusoro ichishandiswa senzvimbo yekunze yekukotama, iyo yekushandira inokanganisa kutsemuka uye kukwenya; Naizvozvo, iyo burr yepamusoro inofanira kushandiswa seyakavharwa mukati mukati kana ichikotama;

Iyo kona yekona yenguva ye concave muforoma idiki kwazvo, uye mamaki ekukanganiswa anoonekwa pane chakakombama chikamu. Pholisha iyo concave muforoma uye wedzera nharaunda yekona yeiyo concave muforoma kudzivirira kukwikwidza pane zvakakotama zvikamu;

Mukaha uripo pakati peiyo convex uye concave muforomas haifanire kunge iri diki kwazvo. Diki diki gwanza rinokonzera kutetepa uye kukwenya. Mukuita kwekutsika, gara uchitarisa shanduko yeiyo muforoma gaka;

Kana kudzika kwechibhakera muforoma yekonati kwakanyanyisa, pamusoro pechikamu kuchakweshwa. Naizvozvo, apo uchiona kuti haina kukanganiswa nekudzoka, kudzika kwechibhakera muforoma concave kunofanira kudzikiswa nenzira kwayo;

Kugadzira zvikamu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa pakurongeka, iyo yakafugama inofa iyo inodzvanya zvinhu pazasi inowanzo shandiswa. Kana uchikotama, chitubu pane ndiro yekudhinda, pini yekumira pini, pallet uye gomba rekudzoka zvese zvinomanikidzwa kuita indentations, saka kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuitwa. .

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9. Nzvimbo yegomba risina chinhu inochinja kana yakakotama

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo nzvimbo uye saizi yegomba haina kunaka, (kukombama uye kukakavara kunova kuonda);

Makomba haana kuomerera (kukwirira kwekukotama hakuna kukwana, iwo asina kusvetuka, anodzokera kumashure, uye kune kusanzwisisika kwendege yakakotama);

Tambo yekukotama uye mitsara yepakati yemakomba maviri haina kufanana, uye chikamu icho kukwirira kwekukotama kuri kushoma pane kushoma kwekukombama kukwirira kunoratidza chimiro chekuvhura chekunze mushure mekukombama;

Makomba padyo netambo yekukotama akajairika kushanduka.

2) Kukakavara:

Iko chinzvimbo uye saizi yegomba haina kunyatso kudzorwa kune iyo yekukomberedza radius, kukotamisa kona uye kuwanda kwezvinhu; iyo yekusarerekera nhepfenyuro yechinhu chakachekwa uye kudzika kwechibhakera mu concave muforoma uye iyo convex uye concave muforomas zvakaenzana yunifomu;

Matanho ezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvekusawirirana;

Ive shuwa kuti kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kukotama kukwirira kwakarurama;

Ruramisa mapini ekumisikidza mapini uye ekuisa mahwendefa;

Deredza kudzoka kwekumashure kuve nechokwadi chekufananidza uye kumeso kwenzvimbo mbiri dzakakombama;

Chinja nzira yekuita, tanga kukotama uye gadzirisa usati wabaya.

Inoratidza zviyero zvekuvhura chimiro chemuromo

Kana uchikotama, simbisa hushoma hwekukotamisa hurefu H (H≥R + 2tt zvinhu ukobvu R vachikotama nharaunda);

Chinja chimiro chezvikamu zvakagadziriswa, uye bvisa chikamu chidiki pane chidiki chakakombama kukwirira pasina kukanganisa iko kushandiswa.

Makomba padyo nemutsetse wekukotama anowanzoitika matanho ekushomeka

Paunenge uchigadzira zvikamu zvakakotama, ita shuwa kuti chinhambwe X kubva pachikamu chakakungwa kusvika kumucheto wegomba chakakura kupfuura chakakosha X≥(1.5—2.0) tt ukobvu hwetepa rakakungwa;

Kugadzira anobatsira gomba muchikamu chakakombama kutora iyo yekukotama deformation kusagadzikana kunogona kudzivirira kushanduka kwegomba riri padyo nemutsara wekukotama. Kazhinji, mhinduro yekutanga kukotama uyezve kubaya inogamuchirwa.

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10. Mushure mekunge chikamu chakotama, chikamu chakakotama chine kutetepa kuri pachena

1) Kukakavara:

Iyo yakakombama radius idiki zvakanyanya kuenzana neukobvu hwendiro (r / t> 3 kurudyi-kona kukotama). Kazhinji, iyo yakakombama nharaunda inowedzerwa;

Multi-angle kubhenda inoita kuti chikamu chinokotama chiwedzere uye chiwedzere. Kuti uderedze kuonda, edza kushandisa imwechete-kona yakawanda-nzira yekukotamisa nzira;

Kana chishandiswa chakapinza-angled chikashandiswa, chibhakera chinopinda mu concave muforoma zvakadzama, izvo zvinonyanya kudzora hukobvu hwechikamu chakakotama.

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11. Flange yechikamu chakakweverwa makwinya panguva yekudhirowa

1) Chikonzero:

Simba risina mubato paflange idiki kwazvo kuti ridzivirirane nekumanikidza kwakanyanya. inokonzeresa tangential deformation, iyo inokonzeresa kuunyana mushure mekurasika kugadzikana. Zvinhu zvakasviba zviri nyore kugadzira makwinya.

2) Kukakavara:

Wedzera chisina kuvharika chevharidzi chisina chinhu uye nemazvo kuwedzera ukobvu hwechinhu.

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12. Icho chikonzero uye kudzivirira kwemadziro echikamu chekudhirowa kutsemuka

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo radial tensile kushushikana iyo zvinhu zvinotakura panguva yekudhirowa yakadzika yakakura kwazvo;

Iyo kona yekona yenguva ye concave muforoma idiki kwazvo;

Dhirowa yakadzika kudhirowa uye lubrication;

Iyo mbishi zvinhu zvine hurombo mapurasitiki.

2) Kukakavara:

Deredza simba risina chinhu;

Wedzera iyo fillet radius yeiyo kufa;

Shandisa mafuta nenzira kwayo;

Sarudza zvinhu zvine mhando iri nani kana wedzera nzira yekuwedzera pakati pemasangano.

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13. Pasi pechidziro chakadzika chakatsemuka

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo fillet radius yefa ishoma kwazvo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvacho zvive munzvimbo yekuchekwa.

2) Kukakavara:

.

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14. Iko kumucheto kwechikamu chakakweverwa hakuna kuenzana uye kuunyana

1) Chikonzero:

Iyo isina chinhu uye pakati peiyo convex uye concave kufa haina kuenderana kana ukobvu hwechinhu hauna kuenzana, uye kona yekona yefa uye gapakati pakati peiyo convex uye concave kufa haisi yunifomu. Iyo yekuvhara blanking mhete inodhonzwa mukati mefa kuti igadzire iyo yekumusoro zvakapetwa mushure mekuti haina kumanikidzwa kupinda kuunyana.

2) Kukakavara:

Kudzoreredza iyo kufa, gadzirisa iyo kona yekona yeiyo die uye gapakati pakati peiyo convex uye concave kufa kuita saizi yunifomu usati waiisa mukugadzira (kudzikisa iyo kona yekona yefa kana kushandisa arc-yakaumbwa isina chinhu isina chinhu mudziyo inogona kubvisa kuunyana ).

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15. Chiuno chinounyana kana tapered kana hemispherical zvikamu zvadhonzwa

1) Chikonzero:

Pakutanga kwekudhirowa kwakadzika, zvizhinji zvezvinhu zviri munzvimbo yakamiswa. Uye zvakare, iro risina chinhu simba rekubata rakanyanya kudiki, iyo kona yekona yeiyo kufa yakanyanyisa, kana girizi yakawandisa inoshandiswa. Kuita iyo radial tensile kushushikana kuve kudiki kunoita kuti izvo zvinhu zvirege kugadzikana uye kuunyana pasi pechiito che tangential kudzvinyirira kushushikana.

2) Kukakavara:

Wedzera chisina kuvharika chinobata kana kutora rumbabvu dhizaini, kudzikisira nharaunda yefa fillet kana kuwedzera ukobvu hwezvinhu zvishoma.

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16. Zvikonzero uye matanho ekudzivirira ekudhirowa mamaki pamusoro peakadzika-akadhirowewa mativi

1) Zvikonzero uye zvinopesana.

Kune akapinza ekupwanya mamaki pamusoro peiyo convex muforoma kana iyo concavemuforoma, zvichikonzera kuenderana mamaki ekudhira pamusoro peiyo workpiece. Panguva ino, iyo yakapwanyika pamusoro inofanira kunge iri pasi kana kupukutwa;

Mukaha uripo pakati peiyo convex uye concave muforomas yakanyanya kudiki kana isina kuenzana, kuitira kuti pamusoro peiyo workpiece inokwenudzwa kana yakadzika. Panguva ino, mukaha uri pakati peye convex uye concave muforomas unofanirwa kuderedzwa kusvikira wakakodzera;

Iyo yakakomberedzwa pamusoro peiyo yakaoma, uye pamusoro peiyo workpiece inokwenudzwa panguva yekudhirowa kwakadzika. Panguva ino, iyo nharaunda yakatenderedzwa yefa inofanira kukwenenzverwa;

Kana uchidhinda, iyo yekushanda nzvimbo yefa kana pamusoro pechinhu chacho haina kuchena uye pamusoro peiyo workpiece inosanganiswa nemarara, saka pamusoro peiyo workpiece inofanirwa kuchengetwa yakachena kana uchidhonza, uye isina chinhu inofanira kupukutwa usati wadhirowa ;

Kana kuoma kweiyo convex uye concave ikafa yakaderera, zvimedu zvesimbi zvakasungirirwa pamusoro zvinokonzeresa mamaki ekudhirowa pamusoro penzvimbo yakadzika yekudhirowa. Naizvozvo, pamusoro pekuwedzera kuwanda kweiyo convex uye concave die pamusoro, tarisa pamusoro peiyo convex uye concave kufa nguva nenguva kunyangwe ikabviswa Chidimbu chesimbi pasi;

Hunhu husina kunaka hwemafuta hunowedzerawo hukasha hwepamusoro peiyo yakadhirowewa workpiece. Panguva ino, girizi inokodzera iyo yekudhirowa-dhizaini inofanira kushandiswa, uye iyo girizi inofanira kusefetwa isati yashandiswa kana zvichidikanwa. Kudzivirira tsvina kubva mukusanganisa mukati nekukuvadza pamusoro peiyo workpiece.

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17. Chikamu chemadziro akatwasuka echikamu chakadzama chekudhirowa hachina kutsetseka

1) Zvikonzero uye zvinopesana.

Iko hakuna gomba remhepo rakagadzirwa uye rakagadzirwa pachibhakera, kuitira kuti pamusoro pacho paumbwe nemhepo yakamanikidzwa uye yova isina kuenzana. Panguva ino, maburi ekufemera anofanirwa kuwedzerwa;

Iyo rebound mhedzisiro yechinhu ichi zvakare ichaita iyo yepamusoro yeiyo yakavezwa workpiece isina kuenzana, uye pakupedzisira, yekuumba maitiro kunofanira kuwedzerwa;

Mukaha uripo pakati peiyo convex uye concave muforomas yakakura kwazvo kuita kuti iyo dhizaini inetse kupfava. Panguva ino, mukaha unofanirwa kuchinjika zvakaenzana.