Isu tinoongorora iyomachinematambudziko akaunzwa nezvikamu zvitsva zvemotokari dzemagetsi zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzakajairika, uye kurukurai zvinoenderana nemichina yekugadzirisa uchishandisa MAPAL maturusi epamberi semuenzaniso.


1 Sumo
Kuti uchengetedze kushandiswa kwesimba, chengetedza nharaunda uye udzikise mweya weCO2, indasitiri yemotokari inofanirwa kushandura sosi yemagetsi dhiraivhu uye nzira dzinoenderana uye nekudzikisa huwandu hwayo, nokudaro ichida hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza nekugadzirisa muzvinhu zvakawanda. Parizvino, sosi yemagetsi yatanga kuchinja kubva kunjini-inopisa injini yemoto kupisa kune yakasanganiswa drive, yakachena magetsi dhiraivha uye hydrogen mafuta sero dhiraivha. Pakati pavo, mota dzakachena dzemagetsi ndidzo dzinonyanya kuchengetedza-simba, uye dziine chimiro chakareruka, kumhanyisa nekukurumidza, mutengo wakaderera uye ruzha rwakaderera. Asi panewo zvakawanda zvikanganiso, senge pfupi pfupi, kubhadharisa kuchiri kusagadzikana uye kureba, pamwe nekukanganisa mamiriro ekunze; mafuta-emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi achiri kuda injini dzemoto dzemukati, saka kune hutapudzo, kutenderera system, tangi remafuta uye dunhu remafuta, nezvimwewo, munguva yakatarwa mushure mekuchaja, inogona kufambiswa nemagetsi kutyaira kutyaira, kutyaira huwandu kupfuura yakachena magetsi mota. Parizvino, injini dzinopisa mafuta mukati uye injini dzemasanganiswa uye dzemagetsi dziripo panguva imwe chete, asi vemaindasitiri vari mukati vanofungidzira kuti nekukurumidza kana gare gare mota dzinofambiswa nemagetsi dzichaumba huwandu hwedzimotokari mumugwagwa.

China parizvino ndiyo nyika yekutanga inogadzira uye mutengesi wemagetsi matsva emagetsi, uye panosvika 2020 China ichave yagadzira nekutengesa huwandu huwandu hwemamirioni mashanu emagetsi akachena uye matsva plug-in hybrid mota. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi matsva zvakasiyana nezvakakura zvikamu zvekutanga zvemainjini emoto, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa uye maturusi anoshandiswa akasiyanawo. MAPAL Boka kuGerman, semuenzaniso, semutengesi mukuru wekucheka maturusi kune indasitiri yemotokari, vagara vachiona nyaya iyi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vachichinjisa ruzivo rwemberi rwetekinoroji yakaunganidzwa mumakumi emakore apfuura ekugadzirisa chaiwo powertrain mukugadziriswa kwesimba nyowani mota zvikamu. Shanduko yakasvikika yehunyanzvi iri kuuya, izvo zviri kukonzera kudengenyeka uye shanduko muindasitiri yekugadzira michina, uye isu takagadzirira uye tinoona shanduko iyi semukana. "Pamusoro pezvo, kumotokari itsva dzemagetsi pachadzo, makambani mazhinji munyika dzakawanda inogara ichigadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvehurongwa, ichivandudza kuunzwa kwenzvimbo nyowani uye kutora zvigadzirwa zvitsva kuitira kuti zvivandudze nekuzvigadzirisa pachavo.Uku kuti ugone kubata neizvi zvinhu zvitsva uye kunyatso kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvitsva, makambani ekugadzira anofanirwawo kugadzira gadziriro dzinoenderana nenguva.

2 Magetsi mota chaiyokugadzira zvikamumatambudziko uye mhinduro
Nemagetsi senge ese kana chikamu chemagetsi, inofanirwa kunge iine mota yemagetsi (semoyo), bhatiri system (setangi remafuta) nemagetsi emagetsi (seyesisitimu yekudzora) nezvimwe zvikamu zvinoenderana; uyezve, kune akawanda anobatsira emagetsi zvigadzirwa, senge yemagetsi firiji compressor, yemagetsi yekubatsira hita, yemagetsi kutanga uye yekubatsira yekufambisa michina, nezvimwewo. Iko kukura kweakasiyana emagetsi emagetsi ekudzora michina zvinonzwisisika kuunza akawanda matsva zvikamu. Iri bepa rinounza nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakakosha dzakapfupikiswa neMAPAL nemhinduro dzayo nyowani dzekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nezvakanyanya kuita zvikamu.

2.1 Dambudziko 1

Maitiro ekuita hupfumi uye hwakavimbika nemazvo machine emagetsi system ganda zvikamu, kunyanya zvakakura dhayamhembe matemhe? Magetsi system goko rinonyanya kufinhwa machine, zvinoenderana neyakajairika nzira yekugadzirisa, kutakura hombe chishandiso chishandiso kubhawa uye kutenderera inertia, kucheka torque kunogona kusvika 50N-m, kazhinji kunofanirwa kuiswa pane chishandiso shank interface yeHSK-A100 chokurukisa . Nechikonzero ichi, MAPAL yatora chishandiso chinobhowa chine ultra-mwenje chimiro uye shank interface yeHSK-A63, iyo inogona kushandiswa pane chishandiso chemushini ine chishandiso chidiki. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiteshi chinotonhorera chakagadziridzwa kubvumira kudzosera kumashure, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa machipisi uye kudzivisa kukwenya pamusoro pegomba rapera, zvichiita kuti mhando yemuchina ivandudzike uye ishandise uye ishande zvakanaka.

Iyo aluminium mota yekugara mune yakachena magetsi mota ine hombe yepakati inobereka, kazhinji> 250 mm. Kupedzisa rakakura dhayamita rakadzika gomba, MAPAL yakagadzira nesainzi isina huremu yakasungwa simbi inofinha chishandiso icho chakanakira kugadziridza mhando dzakasiyana dzetete-dzakakomberedzwa dzimba dzisina kugadzikana. Kurongeka kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zvakagadzirwa, kunyangwe chiine chakareba chishandiso, kuri nekuda kwekuti chimiro chakasungirirwa chakatemwa computationally uchishandisa muganho wekuongorora (ona Mufananidzo 1), nzira inoenderana neyakaumbwa mamakanika ekuongorora kwenhamba kwakaringana kweakasiyana. parameter yechimiro. Mhando yesoftware inowanikwa kutevedzera masimba ekucheka anofanirwa kuiswa, kuona yakaringana yekucheka kumucheto kugovera, kuverenga iyo inotenderera inertia uye uremu, kuongorora iyo weld musono, kuverenga iyo deformation pasi peaxial mauto uye torque yakashandiswa, ku kuverenga kuwanda kweiyo system, uye kuverenga iyo yekuparadzira uye kuyerera chiyero cheyekucheka mvura pane yekucheka pamupendero uye inotungamira bhaa, nezvimwe. Ruzivo rwechokwadi rweaya ma parameter runobvumira dhizaini yechinhu chakanyanya-chinoshanda uye chakareruka chimiro chakavimbika. Ichi chakasungirirwa dhizaini yekumisikidza chingori chete 1/2 huremu hwechinhu chinofinha chishandiso, uye ine imwe yekuwedzera giraidhi rutsigiro uye yakanyatsogadzirwa ribhebhi ndiro yekusimudzira iyo inokombama kuramba, ichiita kuti igadzikane kwazvo panguva yekugadzira nemashoma mashoma kutaura. Ivo zvakare vanoshandisa iyo inogumira element nzira mune dhizaini yepamberi kumeso kweiyo yekuisa kugadzira yakasarudzika uye inonzwisisika chimiro chechip chip uye kubvisa chip kuti ive nechokwadi chakakodzera chip chimiro chinoumbwa panguva yekucheka, kuitira kuti igone kutemwa uye kuburitswa munguva uye simba rekucheka rakaderedzwa kusvika padanho rakadzika kwazvo. Uye zvakare, yakanaka clamping sisitimu uye yakakodzera yekucheka huwandu inoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira, kuitira kuti iko kugaya kwemachini kweiyo mm mm inogona kuwanikwa.

Maumbirwo ematurusi akasiyana-siyana anoderedza mhando anoshandiswa mumatanho akasiyana emuchina anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2. Iyo nhanho inokanganisa inoshandisa chishandiso che ISO chinobata nechibatiso muridzi uye PCD ISO inowoneka; iyo semi-yekupedzisa nhanho inoshandisa chaiyo inofinha chishandiso ine yakasungwa sisitimu dhizaini uye PCD ISO inowoneka yekuisa; iyo yekupedzesa nhanho inoshandisa chaiyo gwara chishandiso ine yakarongedzwa dhizaini dhizaini uye yakanaka-kugadziridza PCD indexable yekuisa uye yekutsigira gwara. Matanho ese ematurusi anofinha anoshandisa ISO yakajairwa hupfumi PCD indexable yekutsiva inoisa yakakodzera aruminiyamu alloy machine, ine hupenyu hwakareba uye yakakwira machine mhando.


2.2 Dambudziko 2

Sezvo paine akawanda matete-akakomberedzwa mativi emota dzemagetsi, ari nyore akaremara nemauto panguva yekugadzira, saka akasiyana maturusi nemaitiro anofanira kushandiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. MAPAL akasarudzika uye epamberi SPM mhando yekupera zvigayo zvekugaya matete-akasimba edzimba zvikamu zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3, ayo ane rakakura rekucheka kumucheto neakakura epamberi kona kuitira kudzikisa masimba ekucheka, kurongeka kunonzwisisika kwenzvimbo yechip kubuda zvinoerera, izvo dzakakwenenzverwa zvakanaka, uye kubatana kwePCD kuisa zvinhu uye mafuta hunyoro hwekugadzira hunyanzvi kudzikisa masimba ekucheka neinenge 15%. Kana masimba ekucheka achiri akakwirira zvakanyanya, anogona kusanganiswa necycloidal milling nzira dzekudzikisa masimba ekucheka munzira dzinoverengeka, nekudaro ichideredza workpiece deformation. Mushure mekukanganisa, semi-kupedzisa uye kupedzisa, iko kurwisa kwemachini kweiyo mm nhanho kunogona kuwanikwa.